Paper-manufacturing system



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SIWTLL" TML LIM/7' SAY/frikis Patented Mar. 5, 1929.

UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LELAND S. BOSENER AND DAVID H. PATTERSON, JR., F SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOBS T0 THE IPARAFFINE COMPANIES, INC., OF SANFRANCISCO, CALIFOR- NIA, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

IPAIEB-IANUFACTURING SYSTEM.

application ined :any 2s, 1924. serial I. 728,600.

This invention relatesV to a plant for the manufacture of paper, andespecially to the mechanism and its control that supplies the rawmaterial to the beater mills, Where the 5 material is mixed to a pulp.

ln the manufacture of cardboard or the like, the raw material utilizedmust be supplied to beaters or mills, where it is mixed with the properamount of water to form a pulp of the proper consistency, which issupplied to the paper making machines proper. For a small plant,utilizing only a few beaters, all of the apparatus ma be accommodated ina comparatively sma space, and no great diiculty is experienced intending the machinery so as to keep the beaters properly supplied withraw material. However, where a large number of beater mills are used,such as a dozen or so, perhaps each requiring special material, thecoordination of all of thevarious mechanisms in such a way as to keepthe plant rlmning smoothly and economically, is a diilicult problem.Itis one of the objects of our invention to make it possibleto operatesuch a large plant with ease, and to supply the beaters rapidly withmaterial 'as required. g

In the manufacture of such paperthat is usually designated a's board orpasteboard, it is not essential to choose With ahigh degree of care thekind of raw material supplied to the beaters. Therefore, such wastematter as rags, telephone directories, or

waste rolls of aper, could be used. But in the past, it hasllieenineilcient to supply such material to the beaters, although available inlarge quantities, because they are too bulky, and if dropped into thebeaters, would canse frequent breakdowns and other etiects necessitatingwasteful delays.v

That these elects are quite likely to happen may readily be appreciatedwhen the character ot the beaters is understood. These beaters eachcomprise a Wheel having numerous radial extensions called beater bars,revolving a tank supplied with water. These beater-lilium are adapted tobeat the material to a pulp as such material passes between them and astationary platform. If it be attempted to operate the beater on suchbulky ob'ects as referred to heretofore, the wear an tear on 1the beaterbars destroys them quite rapidly. Whensuch bars are in need ofreplacement, the entire beater must be shut down, and production ofpaper isat a standstill until the repairs are made. Since the beatersrepresent-a large investment of funds, it is a parent that it isinellicient to leave them id e for large periods of time.

It is another object ol our invention to make it possible to use suchbulky material for the manufacture, of paper, while the hard Y usage onthe beaters is obviated. This We secure by providing an extra step inthe process of manufacture, whereby the raw material is first shreddedinto comparatively tine particles before it is fed to the beaters. The

plugs are caused by the matting together y of the material at theintake. side of the beater, and their formation is entirely avoided bythe use of material which had previously been passed through theshreddin operation. T is advantage results even W ere the raw materialis not so bulky but that itcould be directly placed the beater.

It is still another object ofrour invention to make it possible toproduce a uniform grade of product, by careful Weighing of the r'awmaterial that is sup lied to the beaters.

' In large paper ma ng'systems, such as re- `ferred to, We prefer tocentralizethe control of substantially all ofthe machinery, at onepoint, so that one attendant is capable of setting any of them intooperation by the use of remote control devices, such as electrical orneumatic control circuits. It is another ob- ]ect of our invention torender such a control system highly satisfactory, as by the aid ofslgnaling devices, serving to apprise the attendant not only of therequirement for sup plying 'certain beaters with raw material, butalsoof the movements ot' the mechanisms and cranes controlled by him.

- It is still another 'object of our invention to provide such asignaling system that is reliable in o eration. Y

Itis sti v another object of ourinvention to provide improved machineryfor the plant,

lShredders that perform this function are Y so 'that better results maybe obtained, and` the work accomplished in faster time. l

It is still another object of Aour invention to provide a distributorfor supplying any of the beaters with raw material that is simpleinconstruction and eiicient in operation.

Our invention possessesother advantageous features, some of which, withthe foregoing, will be set forth at length in the following descri tion,where we shall outline in full that crm of our invention which we haveselected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming partof the present specificatlon. Although we have shown in the drawings butone embodiment of our invention, we do not desire to be limited thereto,since the invention as expressed ii the claims may be embodied in otherforms a so.

Referring to the drawings :v a

Figure 1 is a plan viewV of one part of a paper manufacturing plant;this part in the present instance being housed. in a separate buildingand' including the Shredders and scales;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of ythe building shown in Fig.1, with the various mlchinery shown more or less diagrammati- Ca Y;

Fi 3 is a plan view of the remainder of the installation, shown diarammatically and as housed in a separate uilding; this building housesthe beaters (only a few of which are shown, to reduce the size of thefigure), as well as the distributing devices for supplying the beaters;Y

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevation of one end of the crane that formsanelement in. the distributing system, as well as of the con-i tactsthat are operated thereby for controlling other elements of 'the system;v

Fig. 5 is an elevation of the control board that centralizes theoperation at one oint;

Fig, is a side elevation of-a signa 'ngdevice used by an attendant inthebeater room to apprise the central control board operator which beateris to be supplied with material;

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the'device shown in Fig. 6;-

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectioi through the device shown inFig. 6; an y Figs. 9,` 10 and llare separated portions of a completewiring diagram ofthe centralized control for the operation of the plant.

In the buildin the walls of which are indicatedat 2O in igs. 1 and 2, islocated the central control panel 21. This anel is supported on anappropriate plat orm 22, between a pair of scales 23 and 24.V Thedescription is most appropriately started with these scales, since it ishere that the reception of the raw material for the entire plant takesplace. The first step is the measurement of that material at either ofthe-scales 23 and 24 (or'at both when necessary), this material beingdumped thereon as from chutes or the like. The scales 23 and 24 havedials 25 and 26 which indicate to the central control operator what theweight is on Ieach scale. When a suiiicient amount of raw material isdepositedon the scale, a mechanism is provided for moving the chargetoward the shredder. This charge of raw material may include such thingsas telephone directories, waste rolls-of paper, cardboard, bales ofrags, etc., and it is the function of the Shredders to subdivide thisraw material into very small pieces, so as to make it suitable for use4in the beaters or pulp mills. Were it not for this shredding operation,these bulky ob- 'ects could not be eilciently treated in the eaters.

The mechanism for moving the charge olf the scales 23 and 24 includesthe scale conveyor belts 27 and 28, which are endless and disposed overthe scale platforms. The charge is of course dumped on these conveyors,whichl after the charge is weighed, are driven as by the reversibleelectric motors 29 and 30 to carry the charge to either ofthe conveyors31 and 32. In order that either of the scale conveyors 27 and 28 may beused indiscriminately to carry the material to either of theconveyors'31 and 32, these conveyors are placed .parallel to each other,

and the scales 23 and 24 are located between them. In this way, boperating motors 29 and 30`in theproper irection, it is possible.

to drive the conveyors 27 and 28 either to carry the material to theconveyor 31v or to the conveyor 32. Y

The conveyors 31 and-32 travel toward the right, and finally dischargetheir load to the feeder belts 33 and 34, which are shown as inclined'slightly toward the direction of travel. p The drive `for conveyor 31and its )associated feeder 33 is effected by the aid of an electricmotor 35, serving to drive conveyor 31 which is mechanically connectedto feeder 33 as by the gearing 37. A motor 36, similar to motor 35,serves analogously to drive the conveyor 32 and feeder 34, these twomechanisms being geared together as indicated at 38. Stationary Vsides39, 40 are provided between which the conveyors and feeders run, inorder to form deep troughs or channels for the raw material, with-themoving belts formingthebottomsof the channels. 'Ihe feeders 33 and 34finally dischar'e their load into hoppers 4l and 42 whic lead toShredders 43 and 44. However,

inorder to keep the How of material to the..

Shredders more or less uniform, we provide kickers 45 and 46 for eachfeeder, for beating down this material to a comparatively low level, andto prevent the piling up of material at the .shredder hoppers. Thesekickers are mechanicallyfdriven in any appropriate manner from thefeeders 33 and llll 34, and comprise a wheel having radial s okessimilar to paddles for operating on -t e raw material.

The shredders 43 and 44 are each driven by powerful electric motors 47and 48, at a very high speed. The intake side of each shreddercommunicates` with the bottom of the hopper 41 or 42 these, Shreddersare shown only diagrammaticallyin Figs. 1 and 2, and Aeach comprises aheavy wheel with pivoted radial arms which are adapted to pass betweenstationary blades. The force of these shredder arms, due to their weightand velocity, is suiicient to tear up the raw material into small bits,even when that material includes large rolls of defective paper whichhave been scrapped, andheavy books such as telephone directories and thelike. VOf course under such circumstances the load on the motors 47 and48 fluctuates considerably, and

,for this reason it is advisable to utilize rigged the building wherethe 'beaters are located.

Theseblowers are operated by the motors 55 and 56, and thus serve as onelink in the chain ot' mechanism for transporting the material from theShredders.

. In Figs. 1 and 2, we have shown the general character of the buildingwhich may be used to house the apparatus as thus far described. Thus theconveyors, feeders, Shredders and blowers are shown as located inabasement, above which extends the flooring 55. In the flooring, spacesmay be provided, guarded by railings 56, to permit inspection of themachinery from the Hoor. Likewise stairways` such as 57 are provided forpermitting ready access to the basement whenever it is necessary for amore careful inspection, renewal or repairs. It is also to be noted thatas thus far described the apparatus is in. duplicate, and

we arrange the controls therefor 'in such aV way that eitherA or bothmay be run at any time, as rendered necessary by the requirements of thebeaters or ulp mills.

The beater room is siiown in plan in Fig. 3, with three bea-ters ormills58, 59 and 60. However, as indicated by the break through thebuilding, many more beaters may in fact beV provided.V -ln the resentinstance twelve such beaters lare providedfor in the control, dividedinto two `units of six each. These beaters 58, 59, 60, etc., are drivencontinuously from any source of power; they comprise vertical tanks inwhich a properly constructed rotor 6l is disposed to serve as a-mixer.It is also arranged to supply water to any tank as desired. Included' inthe tank is a separating screen 62 which permits only the linely dividedpulp to pass downwardly into the suction pi 63, and thence to thecalender rolls or t e like for manufacturing the paper or cardboard.Larger. ieces, incapable of fine comminution or sub ivision, such aswire or leather coming in from the Shredders, are prevented by thescreen from entering the pulp supply pipes 63, and gradually settle tothe bottom whence they may be later removed.

The pipes 53 and 54, which extend upward-` ly from the discharge end ofblowers 51 and 52, finally lead into cyclones 64 and 65 which serve topermit the finely divided'raw material to settle gently on a'shuttleconveyor belt 66. vThis belt, as shown most clearly in Fig. 4, is loo edover the end pulleys 67, and is concav by the aid of the, guide rollers68, which have axes making a slight-angle with the horizontal. The upperreach of the con`- veyor 66 is disposed between relatively stationaryside plates 69 which form a channel or guide of which the belt 66 formsa' moving bottom. Appropriate structural framework 70 serves asthesupport for theguide'pulleys and 'their bearixgs, as well as for thesides 69. Furthermore, the lower reach of the conveyor 66 is guidedagainst lateral movement by a pluralit of vertical guide pulleys, suchas shown at 1 in Fig. 4, and is also guided against undue looseness bythe horizontal rollers 72. The belt is arranged to he driven by a drivemotor 73 which is geared to the left hand roller 67. This motor isreversible, so that the conveyor belt 66 may discharge its load eitherto. the right hand hopper or chute 74 or to the left hand hopper orchute 75.

The entire'conveyor 66 andits support is arranged to be bodily movedtransversely of the beaters 58, 59, 60, etc., so as to make it' possibleto position one of the two hoppers 74, 75 with any one of the beatertanks. For this purpose, 1t is evident that this shuttle travel need beonly provided for approximately half of the lateral distancefoccupied bythe beaters; since the right hand hopper 74 is used to dischargematerial to anyone of the right hand beaters, while the left hand hopper75 is used to discharge material to any one-of the left hand beaters.-In Fig. 3 which is, after all, mainly diagrammatic, the shuttleconveyor 66 is shown as extended to al -most the full length of thebuilding, but this is done in order to permit illustration of thedriving motor 73 and of left hand hopper 75,

which elements would be otherwise left offv the sliiittle travel hasbeen adjusted to bring one or the other of the spouts or hoppers 74 andover the desired beater tanks. In order to provide for this shuttlemovement of the conveyor 66, the entire conveyor as well as itsassociated chutes or hoppers 74 and 75, 1s hung on a plurality ofpulleys 76 (Fig. 4) which engage the lower ianges of one or more heavyI-beams 7 7 supported appropriately inthe building 78. In order to movethe conveyor 66 back and forth along the I-beams, and thus impart to itthe shuttle- `like movement, we provide a winch 79, on which a cable iswound. This cable is fastened at its opposite ends to correspondingopposite sides of the conveyor supporting frame 70, and is guided forthis purpose by the guide pulleys 81, A reversible motor 82 serves todrive the winch 7 9 in either drection, and thereby to exert a pulling froe through cable 80 either' at the right or left hand end of theconveyor structure 70.

. The driving motor 7 3 for the conveyor 66 is of course arranged onthis structure, and connections thereto are provided by the aid of aplurality of trolley wheels 83. These wheels are pivoted in the end oflevers 84,

supported on the structure 70, and appropriately insulated-as by theinsulator 85. The levers 84 are counterweighted as by the weights 86,whereby the 4wheels 83 are resili- Vently urged against the tracksprovided for them. Additional tracks are also provided toproducesindications at the control panel 21,0f the position oftheshuttle conveyor.l

Thus tracks 87, 88 and 89 may be used to provide the motor connections,while the other tracks 90, 91 and 92may be used to operate theindicating mechanism. Itis further to he noted that these tracks 87 to92 occupy relatively short distances along the line of travel oftheconveyor 66, the remaining gaps being filled by insulation bars 93 whichserve to prevent the trolley Wheels 83 from running olf the tracks.These tracks as well as the bars 93 are appropriately suspended, as bythe aid of insulators 94, clips or ears 95, and extensions 96, fromsuspensions 97, which in. turn are fastened by the aid of angle irons 98to the vertical flange of the I-beam 77.` 0f course the particular modeof suspension may readily he varied to suit particular conditions. f

By referring to Fig. 3, it will be noted that sets of the track sections87 to 92 occur in.

pairs along the length of travel of the conveyor 66. The right hand setof each pair is arranged to cause the belt to move towardthe right, andthe right hand hopper 74 delivers material to that heater tank overwhich it may be positioned'. ik slight movement ofthe Shiittle traveltoward the left is however sufficient to cause interruption of thecontacts between the right hand set of tracks and the trolley wheels,and instead, a left hand set becomes active. The connections are newsuch as to cause the belt to travel toward the left, and

to discharge material from the left hand hopper to whichever one of theleft beaters it may be positioned over. Further movement of the shuttletravel. toward the left Will cause the right hand hopper 74 to beactive' thereby.

Before proceeding with the detailed description of the control circuits,whereby the proper sequence of operation of ythe various mechanisms isassured, attention is again directed to Fig. 1. It is to be noted thatthe scale conveyor motors 29, 30 and the feeder motors 35, 36 are eachequipped with solenoid brakes 99, 100, w lich are energized to releasethe brakes whene er the respective motors are energized. This Iis awell-known expedient to prevent overrunning, and since the operatingsolenoids are simply connected in parallel to the respective motorleads.` in the wiring diagrams of Figs. 9, 10` and 11 they have beenmerged with the motors. 'In this way separate representation of thebrakes is avoided.

c The control system which we shall now describe is so arranged that thevarious elements, such as the feeders, blowers, and shredders, aredependent upon each other, so that it is impossible for example tooperate the hlowers or the feeders until the shuttle conveyor belt 66 isin motion. Other precautionary control circuits are included which willbe described later on.

In order to inform the operator at the control panel 21 which beater isto be supplied, and also to keep him informed of the position of theconveyor belt 66, so that he may continue to operate the shuttle travelmotor 82 until the hopper 7 4 or 75 is in proper position' fordischarging its load, we provide a signaling' system, including twosignal transmitting .switches illustrated in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Theseswitches are arranged to be operated by the attendant in the beaterroom, and may be located one near each end of this room. Each switchcomprises a bei; 102 in which the rod 108 is slidahle, as by the aidofthe handle 104 fixed to its ends. 0n each side of the boi; 102 are aplurality of contact studs supported on suitable insulating boards, andarranged in groups of three. forming triangles, as plainlv indicated inliig. 8. The rod 103 carries a pair of'contact pieces 106 and 107 on ayoke 108. llhe rod 103 may be operated to connect any set of threecontacts 105 together, by first properly positioning' the rod 103aaially, and then rotating it either to the right or left. In order tomake sure that only sets of three contacts can be connected together atone time, and no other improper aggregation of contacts, we provide apair of. guide plates 109 (Fi 7) in which notches 110` are cut to permitt e entry' of the wedge shaped extensions 111 carried by the yoke 108.These notches as shown in Fig. 8 are so positioned with respect to thecontacts 105 that they permit rotation of rod 103 only when the contactApieces 106, 107 are in alinement with a set of these contacts. Inintermediate axial positions, as for example that illustrated in Fig. 8,the rod 103 would have its rotation stopped by the engagement of theextensions 111 with the guides 109, before any contacts can be c ose InFig. 9, the transmittinov switches are shown diagrammatically, and aremarked Beater room signal switches. In order that the beater roomattendant may verify his signals there are beater room telltale lights112 and 113, which operate behind transparent signs 114 (Fig. 6). Thesesigns are all appropriately supported in a supplementary box 115, therebeing one such box for each of the switches. On the control panel 21,similar signs 116 and 117 are provided, behind which are the controlpanel'telltale lights 118 and 119 (Fig. 10).A Y

The beaters 58, 59, 60, etc., being in the present instance divided intotwo units of six each,

there isthefrefore a transmitting switch for each unit:4 Now let ussuppose that the beater room attendant desiresto transmit a signal tothe control panel operator that he is to furnish material to beaterNo. 1of the left hand unit. He manipulates rod 103 so asto connect theextreme lower left'hand set of three contacts 105, of the lefthandswitch, as indicated in Fig. 9. AFor this position, two lightswill beilluminated behind signs 114 in the beater roomtelltale box 115, andalso behind the signs in the left hand grou 117 on panel 21, so that theword Furnish r will be illuminated in both places on'the left handtelltales. The circuits for these lights will nowbetraced.

The leads 120, 121fconnect to an appropri ate source, and serve tosupply'electncal ener to the signal system. In the prellt ingtlince this.source is a transformer 122 (Fig. 10) which is supplied from one haseof three phase mains 123. The. ead `1 20 goes to a'junction point-124;thence the circuit extends to the contact piece 106. The circuit Yfromthis point' for one of the transmittel' telltale lamps113 proceedsthrough junction point 125, rightV hand lamp 113, illuminating the signFurnish at the transmittr, thence Aby Vlead 126 lto line 121. At

the same time, the control panel telltale lamp 119 illuminating the signFurnishat the panel 2,1 is energized, .through this'circuit, fromjunction125, lead 127, to onevof the `both t 'of these circuits extendsfrom contact piece and numeral 1" lamps 119, then by lead 128 back tothe main 121. From contact piece 106 two other circuits may be tracedthrough a lamp 112 and a lamp 118 that illuminate the si s 1 at etransmitter and the-pane 21. One

106, `through lead 129,v junction'point 130, extreme left `han`d lam112, back to lead 121 by way of lead 126. other circuit may be tracedfrom contact piece 106 to point 130,

the sixth lamp 118 from the right at the sign 117 on' anel 21, then bywa of lead 128 to the l 121. By shifting e contact piece 1 06 or 107 toanv desired set of contacts 105, any other set of signal lamps 1113,112, 118 and 119 may be lit, to produce the proper indication.

` In the diagram of the transmitting switches of Fig. 9, the lower sixsets of contacts 105, which represent the contacts supportedon one sideof the box 102 (Fig. 7) control the circuit for the righthand lamps ofthe groups 113 and 119, while the upper set of contacts 105, which reresent those supported on the other side o box 102, control. thecircuits -for the left hand lamps of these groups 113 and 119.V Thus byrotating shaft 103 between its two positions, it is possible to changethe .indication from Furnish to Next, this latter signal is produced atthe transmission end by -energization of left hand lamp 113, Y

and at the panel 21 by energization of left hand lamp 119. Mererotation. of rod 103 however does not change the energization of theoperator is toproceed to supply any other desired beater. y is apprisedsome time in advance of set o operations hemust perform, and there canbe no delayincident to the 'on of signals.'

Circuits forV the lother signalv lam vin ups 112 Vand 118 are entirelysimi r to In this way, the o rator t ose already traced-for the lefthand lampV of each group, andbecome active whencontact piece 106 or 107is moved to make connection with the proper set of contacts 105.

The transmitting switch shown to the right of that already described, islocated near the right hand ter unit, and serves to produce indicationsat telltale sign 11,6 on the 21. In the position shown, the si Fur-`n-ish 6 is transmitted. The circuits for the left hand lamp of group1'18` and 119 are completed, causing this indication at the transmitterand atthe anel 21. For lamp 113, the circuit is as ollows:rom lmain 120,contact piece 107junction 132, left hand panel enext" circuit -for lamp119 at the panel 21 is as ollowsz--from main 120, contact piece 107,junction 132, lead 134, lamp 119, and lead 128 back to main 121. Thesecircuits cause illumination of signs Furnish for the right hand unit.

Other circuits, illuminating s igns 6 are also completed. The left handlamp 112 at the transmitter switch is energized for this purpose asfollows :trom main 120, contact piece 107, lead 135, left hand lam 112,lead 133, back to main 121. The left and lamp 118 of the sign 116 isalso energized as tol-v lows from main 120, contact piece 107, leads 135and 136, left hand lamp 118, and lead 128 back to main 121.

From these examples of signalin circuits Which'have been traced, it ispossi le readily to deduce the corresponding circuits for any of theother lamps as the rod 103 of the transmitting switches' aremanipulated. The telltale lights 112 and 113 serve as guldes tor theattendant at the beaters,.not only to 1ndicate to him what signal isbeing transmitted, but also just how far rod 103 is t0 be moved toroduce any other desired signal.

On the in caters or signs 116 and 117 Vat the control panel 21, thereare rows of numerals beneath the signals just mentioned, Whlch arearranged `to indicate the operative posi-v tion of the shuttle beltframe 7 0. The indications are produced by the coactionof the trolleywheels 83 with the' short tracks 90 andA 91, located in the path oftravel of the shuttle` belt frame 70. For example, this frame'isindicated diagrammatically in Fig.' 11 'at the upper left hand corner asbeing in proper po-'.

' sition to supply beater 6.0i the right hand unit'. The circuitenergizing a lamp 137 to illuminate lower numeral 6 of si n 116 viscorrespondingly completed, as olloWs:- from main 120, to wire 138, track91; wheels 83, track 90, wire 139, lamp 137, and lead 128 backto main121. Registry bf thetrolley wheels 83 carried by frame 70 withsucceeding sets of tracks will cause illumination of theV proper numeralof the lower rows ofboth signs 116 and 117. Forexample, the next set oftracks to the right, on Fig. 11, control the lamp 140, showing that theconveyorV is operi ative to supply beater 1 of the left hand unit. Thisis the correct indication, for the tracks 87, 88 and 89 provide for areversal of the conveyor motor 73 as compared with its rota-v tion intheyposition actually shown, and it the lethandhopper 75 that is used todischarge the materia As the shuttletravelmotor 82 is actuated to movethe frame 70, successive larnps will-b e lit back of the lower row ofnumerals in signs` 116 and 117, and the voperator at panel 21 will thusbe kept informed of the operative position of the conveyor frame 70.

. Als an additional safeguard, we prefer to supply another signalingdevice that. is re'- sponsive to the movement of the frame 70. This isuseful in order to ensure that the operator at panel 21 will not setinto operation any unit of mechanism until after the conveyor frame isat rest. This signaling device includes a blinker light 141 locatedbetween the two signs 116 and117, and illustrated diagranmatically onFig. 10. This light flashes on and otf while the fra-me v7,0 is moving,and while trolley wheels 83 engage th'e tracks 90, 91 and 92. Thisblinking circuit when these conditions are fulfilled may -be traced asfollows from main 120, lead 138,'track 91, trolley wheel 83, a`commutator 142, running 'in unison with the frame, lower Wheel 83,track 92, connections 143 and-144, lamp 141, lead 128, back to main 121.While the frame 70 is travelling, the commutator-142 is rotating, andcauses alternate opening and closing of the circuit just traced, with,consequent blinking of light 142. This blinking is an indication tothecontrol panel operator, and he is to take care not to set anyinterfering apparatus into motion until the lamp 141 is permanently darkor permanently lit. i

The signaling circuits have now all been described. From the indicationsthereby produced, the control panel operator can take 1' the propersteps to supply thedesiredbeatei or "mil1. :While these beaters arecontinuously in operation, the blowers, Shredders, scale conveyors,shuttle belt conveyor and shuttle ,travel winch are under the control ofthis operator, and are usually placed inY operation' only intermittentlyand as required. The conthat such sequence ofV operation may beperformed whichl ensures against choking any of trol circuits of theseelements are so arrangedthe conveyors or chutes with the material, and

against unloading While the conveyor 66 is not 1n proper position todischarge the material.' he first. step takenby the operator is to movethe conveyor frame 70 to the desired position. This he eects by the aidof the reversing motor 82, theconnections for which are controlled bythe lever switch144B (Fi 5 and 10). If he desiresmovement of t e shuttlebelt to the left, he moves the handle for this switch to the left, andthe three pole swltch 145 is.closed, ydue to theener- `gization ofsolenoid 146. The circuit for thiscoil may be traced as follows from thecontrol main 147, which connects to one terminal of the supplytransformer-l22,lead 148, switch 144-, .lead 149, solenoid 146,:1ead150,to a `left Vhand shuttle travel limit 'switch 151, lead 152, to lead 159forming the other control main, and connecting to the other terminal 0ftransformer 122. The limit switch 151 is arranged to be opened bythe'shuttle frame 70 in case it exceeds the desired limit of its travel.It comprises a lever 153, one extremity ofwhich is in the'path of travelof the vframe .7 0. The lower switch 145 bein now closed, the circuitfor motor 82 is comp eted,

from mains 123, switch 154, leads 155, switch 145, leads 156 to themotor 82. The source of supply in this instance is shown as three phase,but of course any other t pe, either alternating or direct current cou dbe used. The motor 82 may advantageously be of'the squirrel cageinduction type. If it be desired to move the frame to the right, theswitch 144a is moved to the right, and this movement causes the solenoid157 to be energized, while solenoid 146 is deenergized.` This solenoid157 p ulls the upper switch 158 to closed position, while gravity or aspring returns the lower switch 145 to open position. Y The circuit forsolenoid 157 may be traced as follows from main 147, lead 148, switch144,

leads 156 supplying the motor, and the supply leads 123. After theshuttle frame 70 has moved into proper operative position with respectto the desiredv beater, as indicated on one of thesigns 116, 117, theoperator returns switch 144'to central posit1on;-in this position,neither of the Asolenoids 146, 157

is energized, and therefore both switches 145 and' 158 are open, and thecorresponding motor circuit is dead.

Either of the hoppers 74,- being now in proper osition to discharge to aselected beater, t e shuttle conveyor 66 may now be o erated b theenergizationplof motor he contro of this motor at panel 21 is effectedby a pair of push buttons 164 and 165 which are resiliently ur :ed asby'springs to the positions shown in ig. 10, but may be manually depresdto start and stop the motor 73. However, starting of this motor cannotbe effected until the shuttle travel switch 144'L is in centralposition, which corresponds to inactive condition of the shuttle travelmotor 82. When this condition is fullled, depreion of button 164 for 'ashort timeserves to energizethe switch o rating solenoid 166, closing-switch 167'.4 he circuitmaybe traced as ollows:-main 159,

lead 168, push' button 164 in dep position, push button 165 in freeposition, lead 169, solenoid 166, overload contacts 170, lead 171,switch 144, and le'ad 148 to main 147. The overload contacts 170 serveto interrn t this solenoid circuit whenever the load on t e motor 73becomes dangerously high. As soon as this circuit is completed, switch167 closes, and completes the circuit for the motor 73 from 4mains 123to leads 172, tracks 87, 88, 89, wheels 83 to motor 73. The particularconnection between leads 172 and tracks 87, 88, 89, determine thedirection of rotation of motor 73.- For instance onl Fig. 11,

the tracks 87, 88 and 89'at the extreme left hand position are connectedrespectively with the lower, middle, and upper lead 172, whereas thenext s et of tracks are connected in re- `verse ordergi-"In thisV way areversal of the motor 73 is secured as it is moved from one osition-tothe next, and there is a corresponding alternation in the activity ofhoppers 74 and 75. v y

- As soon as the motor 73 is in operation, the push button 164 may bereleased, and it will take -the position shown in the diagram.However,the re is a holding circuit `:for the coil 166, closed by theclosing of contacts 173,

operated also by solenoid 166. This closing circuit may be traced asfollows z-from main 147, to lead 148, switch 144 when in open position,lead 171, overload contacts 170, solenoid'166, lead 169, stop pushbutton165, lead 174contacts 1 7 3, and lead 17 5 back to the other main 159.This holding circuit stays com leteduntil stop button is Y pressed,-wien the switch 167 is'released, and the apparatus returns to theposition shown on the drawin As soon as 515e shuttle belt is inoperation due to rotation of motor 73, the machinery for supplying[material thereto may be started. In orde-r to ensure that the units ofmachin ery cannot be operated except when the belt 66 is running, weprovide a switch 176 (Fig. 11) which is closed only when the switch 167is' closed. This switchcontrols the circuits for the blower motors 55,56, as well as the feeder motors 35 and 36. The switch 176 is operated'by a solenoid 177, the circuit for which may be traced as follows frommain ioo 147, lead 178, solenoid 177 lead 179, contacts 7 173, -and leadback to the other main 159. This circuit is operative of course onlywhen contactsl 17 3 areA closed, which in turn depend upon the closureof switch `167.

The switch 17 6 has a pair of levers, each of which controls thecircuits for one set of feeder and blower.' 1 The control circuit forblower motor55 `(shown in the diagram of 9 at Vthe extreme right andlabelled ower No. 1), is operated by the start and stop push buttons 180and 181 (Fig. 10). To start the motor, button 180 is depressed and heldthere for a short time, sucient to-cause energization of holdingcircuits. This startl ing circuit may be traced as follows :-from main159, to lead 182, a solenoid 183 serving to set in operation anautomatic starter 184,

lead 185, button 180, button 181.' lead 186, right hand poleof switch 176, lead 187, overload contacts 188vfor the motor 55, back to the othermain 147. l It is thus seen that this control circuit can be energizedonly when switch 17 6 is closed. The energization; of solenoid 183causes the automatic starter to bring the motor 55 to speed, and isnecessary because ofthe large size of motor used for the blower. rlhe.particular details and circuits for this starter are not shown, sincethey are standard and may be of various'forms.

As soon as this starting circuit is energized, the `solenoid 183 alsocloses the holding contacts 189, whereby even after the starting button180 is released, theV solenoid is still active. This holding circuit mabe traced as follows from main 159 to lea 182, coil 183,

contacts 189, lead 190, stop button 181, lead` 186, switch 176, lead187, overload contacts 188, and back to the other main 147. By

pushing the button 181, this circuit can be interrupted, and the coil183 deenergized, permitting the automatic starter 184 to ret-urn to itsopen position and stopping operatonof motor 55.V Once the conveyor belt,motor 73 is in operation, of course either or both of the blowermotors55, 56 may be started. The control circuits for motor 55 have alreadybeen described, and those" for blower motor 56, (shown at theextremeleftof Fig. 11) are entirely similar. They will therefore beindicated only in a'cursory fashion. The start and stop buttons 191fand192 control the operation. of automatic starter 193. For starting,the'c'ircuits areas follows'z-,main 147, overload contacts 194, switch176, lead 195', lbutton 192, button 191, lead 197, coil 198, and thenceback to the other main 159. The holding circuit, after button 191 isreleased, is as follows :,-niain 147, overload contacts 194, switch 176,lead 195, button 192,' flead 196, holding contacts 199, coil 198,!andback to the other main 159. l

The blowers being now in operation `(or one of them, in case arelatively small amount of material is needed), the Shredders 43 and 44may be started, since they are the next links in the chain of themechanism. The shredder motors 47 and 48 are controlled b push buttons,similar to those used for the lower motors. However, sincethe operationof the Shredders does not in itself give rise to accumulation ofmaterial or dangereuse conditions of any point, there is no necessityforcausing the control for the Shredders to be dependent upon the operationof any ofthe other mechanisms. In other'words, elements such as theconveyors, feeders, and blowers,`

must cooperate to ring material to the shredders and to talie it away',and must therefore be properly mterlocked for this purpose; while theShredders themselves are inde ndent mechanisms which may be either iing, L

when the conveyor chain of mechanism is' idle, or doing useful workwhen-the conveyor chain is active and carrying material to and from theShredders.

menno pairjof push buttons 202 and 203. The start-v ing circuit may betraced as follows z-main A147, lead 204, overload contacts 205, lead208,

buttons 203 and 202,lead 207, coil 201, and

lead 208 back to theV other main 159. As soon as this circuit iscompleted, the holding contacts 209 are closed, 'and' a holding circuitis active, independent of the starting button 2,02,

which may now be released without stopping the motor. This holdingcircuit may be traced as follows z-main 147, lead 204, overload contacts205, lead 206, button 203, lead 210, contacts 209, coil 201, andlead 208back to the other main 159; To stop the motor 47, the push button 203 isdepressed, and this holding circuit interrupted. As before, ltheoverload` contacts 205 ensure against danger- 011s overloading of any ofthe phases of the motor. 47, and serve to interrupt this holding circuitwhen that occurs. The motor 47 is supplied through a main switch 211 andthe automatic starter 200, Which-is active to 'supply the motor onlywhen coil 201 is energized.

The controllcircuits for shredder motor 48 on Fig. 11 are entirelysimilar to those just described ine connection with motor 47. Thestarting circuit may be traced as follows from main 147, lead 213,overload contacts 212, lead 214, stop button 215, start button 216, lead217, starting coil 218,"and'lead 219 back tothe other main 159. Afterthe holding` contacts 220 are closed by coil v218, the

holding cireut 'is completed as follows:'.

from main 147, lead' 213, overload contacts 212,1ead 214, stop button215, lead 221, holding contacts v220, coil 218, and lead 2l9'back to theother main 159.

Although it is possible to startthe two shredder motors 47 and 48independently-of the other units, the operation of these motors is anessential before the respective 'feeder -motors 35 and 36 can bestarted.- Each of the normal. This control ensures against chok-Vv ingtheshredders unduly with raw material Supplied by the feeders. r'hevarious controle for the feeders will -now be described.

Considering first the .feeder motor 35, it is seen in Fig-.inhabit maybesupplied throughv mfmlllly llted.s Wtch .222 and the soleold colloperated sW1tch223, from the' mains 123. Overload contacts 224 areprovided to ensure against injurious load conditions. The circuit forthe coil 225 that operates the switch 223 is controlled at panel 21 bythe push button control 226 which is of the nonreturn type; that is,when the button is depressed to start the motor, it stays in thatposition until it is moved outwardly by the aid of another button. rlhisis necessary in view of the nature of the controls, and is entirelysimilar to the usual type of wall switches controlling lamps inresidences. When this button 226 is depressed, the circuit for coil 225is completed, provided the corresponding shredder motor 47 is operatingat normal load, and the corresponding blower motor is operating. Thecircuit for coil 225, when these conditions are fulfilled, may be tracedas follows :-fr01n main 159, lead 227, button 226, lead 228, anemergency but maximum, the coil 234 carries a heavy enough current tocause movement of the upper conn tact disc away from the stationarycontacts}. lead 235,- contacts 236, coil 225, overload contracts 224,lead 237, holding contactsV 189 on the corresponding blower mot-0r 55,which are closed only when that motor is in operation, lead 190, stopbutton 181 of blower motor 55, lead 186, switch 176, lead 187, overloadcontarts 188 of blower motor 55, and backto the other main 147. Thecontacts 236 in this cir cuit are controlled so as'to close only whenthe shredder motor 47 is in operation; For this purpose the coil 238 isprovided which is are.

ranged to be placed in parallel to the operating coil 201 of theautomatic starter 200, by the aid of another set of contacts 239,operated hy coil 240. This latter coil is shown as having its circuitcontrolled from the starter 201, so that vthis starter must be' inl fullrunning position before 'coil 240 is energized. ln this Wav it isassured that shredder motor 47 is in full-operation before the feedermoto!" :S5 can operate. To stop the feeder, it is merely necessary tomanipulate the button 226 to open position.

- The feeder control that it is operative only in response to certainpredetermined conditions of the machinery associated therewith. Contacts236 tie tip the feeder with the shredder; contacts 231 may be opened andclosed alternately as the load varies'on shredder motor 47, causingintermittent o eration of feeder 3 3; contacts 189 on the b ower motorstarter 184 xnake it circuit as traced is such certain that this motormust be in operation, and the completion of the circuit through theswitch 176 ensures a direct dependance of the feeder motor upon theoperation ofthe shut- .tle belt 66. All these safeguards are taken tomake the system as safe as can reasonably be expected, since serious andirreparable damage would undoubtedly occur upon improper operation ofthe feeder belts.

The corresponding controls for the other feeder motor 36 may be somewhatcursorily. traced, since the operations of both are identical. Of courseinthis case the feeder motor` 36 is dependent upon the operativeconditions of its associated shredder motor 48 and blower motor 56.This` feeder motor 36 is likewise controlled by a manually operatedswitch 241 and a switch 242 operated by solenoid 243. verload contacts244 are also provided.' When the control push button 245 at the panel 21is pushed, andthe shredder and blower ymotors 48 and 56 are in normaloperation,

the solenoid 243 is energized through the following circuitt--from main159, leady 246, button 245, lead 247, emergency button `248, .lead 249,contacts 250 (closed only whenstarter for motor48 is in full onposition), lead 251, contacts 252 (closed only when shredder motor 48 isoperating below a predetermined maximum load), coil 243, -overloadcontacts 244, lead 253, holding contacts 199 on blower motor starter193, lead 196, blower motor stop button 192, lead 195, switch 176overload contacts 194 on motor control 56, hack to main 147.

Since conveyors 31 and 32 are geared respectively to feeders 33 and 34,these conveyors are now also in operation. The scales 23 and 24 may nowbe used to weigh out the raw material, and the corresponding conveyors27, 28 operated to supply the feeders. The motors 29 and 30 operatingthese conveyors sol are reversible, so that either scale may supplyeither feeder. The control circuits howeverA are so arranged that themotors 29 and 30 can operate only in' a directionthat causes theconveyors 27, 28 to discharge to a moving feeder 33 or 34.

Thus considering first the scale conveyor motor 29, shown at the rightof Fig. 10, it is panel 21 by a lever switch. 2,59, which may be turnedin either direction 'to control either of the coils 257 or 258. Assumingthat feeder 33 is in operation, throwing the switch 259 to the leftwill-energize coil 257, and thcmotor erators located at a distance fromthe board 29 will rotate to drive conveyor 27 toward feeder 33. Thecircuit for coil 257 is completed as follows :-from main 147, lead 260.

Switch 259,1e5d'261, 5011257, lead 262, com

tacts 263 (closed only when switch 223, controlling operation of feeder33, is closed), and lead 264 back tothe other main 159. Fromconsideration of this circuit it is seen that 'the coil 257 can beenergized to cause movement of belt 27 toward feeder 33 only when thisfeeder is moving.

If lever switch 259be turned to the right, the motor 29 will beenergized to .drive the conveyor belt 27 toward feeder 34, but only oncondition that said feeder is moving. The 'circuit forcoil 258, whichaccomplishes this `result, may be 'traced as follows vz--from main larlycontrolled by the lever switch 269. The

supply circuit for this motor includes the manually operated switch 270,and either of the two coil operated switches 271, 272. lVhen switch 271is closed due to venergization of -eoil 273, the motor 3,0 operates tosupply feeder 33; on the other hand, energization of coil 274 willlclose switch 272 and cause the motor 30 to rotate in the oppositedirectionto supply feeder 34. When lever switch 269 is thrown to theleft, `the circuit for coil 273 is completed as follows :-from main 147,lead 275, switch 269, lead 276, coil 273, lead 262, contacts 263 onswitch 223, and-lead 264 back to the other main 159. Contacts 262 asbefore insure operation of feeder 33 before the -niotor 30 can operateto supply material thereto. In a similar manner, throwing switch 269 tothe right energizes coil 274 and causes motor 30 to operate in thereverse direction. The circuit may1 be traced as follows z-from main 147to lead 275, lever switch 269, lead 277, coil 274, lead 278, lead 266,contacts 267 on switch 242, and lead 268 back to the other main 159.

The control circuits have now been fully described. The wires and leadsnecessary for the circuits may be housedin conduits 279 running at theback of the panel 21. The main switchboard for the main power lines andthe power switches may be located as at 1-01 in one corner ofthe beaterroom shown in Fig. 3. A bell or other type of signal may be provided foruse by the panel operator, and the control button for such a signal isshown at 280 on Fig. 5. By the aid of this signal,

the operator may communicate in any desired manner with any of theattendants and opplant may now be described. Let it be as-y sumed thatthe attendant in the beater room desires to have material furnished tothe left beater No. 4. He manipulates the rod 103 ofthe correspondingtransmitter switch, so as to transmit the signal Furnish 4 which appearsilluminated on the left hand sign 117 at the. panel 21. The operator atthe panel 21 then moves lever 144 to operate the shuttle travel motor82. The succession of lighted numerals on signs 116v and 117 willindicate in what direction the sliut-tle 'conveyor frame is moving, andvhe is guided laccordingly in his operation of switch 144. As soon asthe numeral 4 of the lower row, lights on sign L17, he brings his lever144 to central position. The shuttle belt 66 may now be operated, and heaccomplishes this by pressing button 164. The direction of travelisautoniatically correctly determined by the tracks 87, 88 and 89, andthe wheels 83. After the vshuttle belt .motor is in oper'ati-onfcontacts173 close on placed in operation. As soon as the blower is in operation,the corresponding shredder may be started, as by pushing button 202.

Operation of this shredder causes contactsA 231 and 236 to close, andthe operator can start feeder motor 35 by manipulating button 226. Thecontacts 263 are closed in response to the operation of feeder motor 35,and this closure permits the opeiator to move the material from eitherscale -23 or 24 to feeder 33. by

operation of either of the switches 259er 269. But before starting thescale motors, the operi ator first weights out the desired material onthe scale. In case a Next signal has been transmitted, and after he hascompleted these controls, he can weight out on the other scale, thematerial needed for4 the next beater to be supplied. y

The material weighed out on the first scale is carried by feeder 33 toshredder 43,v whence it is discharged to the blower 51. This blowercarries it to the cyclone 65, which delivers it to the moving belt 66,and the left hand hoppr75 finally transfers it into the left hand leftto start the shuttle travel motor 82 in the proper direction, so as toposition the shuttle conveyor properly with respect to 'the next beaterto be supplied. Movement of the lever switch 144 away from centra-lposition, causes deenergization of the, shuttle belt* inotor 73 asdescribed; this in turn causes separation of contacts 173, andconsequentinterruption ofthe holding circuit for "the blower motor 55.The feeder 33 is rendered inactive also, due to the opening of theholding contacts 189 on the blower motor, and neither scale motor can bestarted, due to the open# ing of the feeder motor circuits. l The shred-'der 43 however, may remain operative and ready to operate on thematerial as soon as the chain of mechanism is operative to con# veymaterial to and from it. However, the shuttle travel motor 82 must firstbe brought to rest by bringing switch lever. 144 to central position,before this chain of mechanism can be rendered operative. Furthermore,the shuttle frame 7 O must be brought to rest in a position where itstrolley wheels 83 engage the tracks 87, 88 and 89; otherwise theconveyor motor 73 could not be operated, nor any of the other units inthe chain of mechanism. The tracks 87, 88 and 89 thus insureby'their'position against operation of the mechanism unless eitherhopper 74 or 7 5 is in proper position to discharge its load.

The entire system as described may thus be brought into harmoniousoperation byl comparatively few attendants. The provision of theshredding operation renders the plant more eilicient, Vthe paperproduction .being faster since the operation of beating can beshortened. Due t0 the provision of the scales, accurate weighing of theraw material is possible, and uniformity ofthe product is assured.

We claim: Y l

1. In combination, a. pair of conveyor mechanisms arranged adjacent eachother and to carry material, a conveyor belt between the mechanisms, andmeans fordriving said belt in either direction tolsupply either of themechanisms with material. v i

2. In combination, a conveyor mechanism, a measuring device and aconveyor belt having its upper reach arranged to .support the measuredmaterial and to move said material to the-conveyor mechanism.

3. In combination, a pair of' conveyor mechanisms arranged adjacent eachother and to carr materiah a measuring device, a conveyor lt havlng itsupper reach arranged to support the measured material, and ex-v tendingbetween the mechanisms, and means for selectively moving said conveyorbelt to supply either mechanism -with material.

4. In combination, a pair of conveyor mechanism, means commento bothmecha-f. nisms for supplying either of said mechanisms with material to.be conveyed, and means for insuring that said supply means can beoperated tos'upplymaterial to either mechanism only when that mechanismis inv operation.

5. In combination, a conveyor mechanism, independently driven means orsupplying said mechanism with material to be conveyed, and means forinsuring that said supply means can be operated to supply material tothe mechanism onlywhen said mechanism is in operation.

6. In combination, a pair oit' conveyor mechanisms, a conveyor beltarranged between said mechanisms, means for moving said belt in eitherdirection, whereby either mechanism may be supplied with material tobeconveyed, and means insuring that said belt can be operated in adesired direction only when the mechanism. to be supplied thereby is inoperation.

7. In combination, a pair of mechanisms, a pair of machines, ciatedwitlueach mechanism, for changing the state of material conveyed to itby the mechanism, means for supplying either of said mechanisms withmaterial to be conveyed, and means for insuring that said supply meanscan be operated to supply material conveyor to -a mechanism only whenthe load on the machine to which the material is to be conveyed by saidmechanism, is below a prede-` termined maximum.

8. In combination, a conveyor mechanism, a machineassociatedwithsaidmechanism,for changing the state of material conveyedto it by the mechanism, means for supplying said mechanism with materialto be conveyed, and means for insuring that said supplymeans can beoperated to supply material to the mechanism only when the load onthemachine `is below a predetermined maximum.

9. In combination,.a pair of conveyor inechanisms, a conveyor beltarranged between one asso-` kso l said mechanisms, means for moving saidbelt in either direction, whereby either mechanism-may be supplied withmaterial to be conveyed, a pair of machines, one associated with eachmechanism, for changing the state of the material conveyed to it, andmeans insuring that said belt can be operated in a desireddirection onlywhen the load on the machine to be su plied with material thereby, isbelow a pre etermined maximum.

c 10. In paper making machinery, a air of conveyor mechanisms, a pair ofshred( ers for shredding raw material brought to them by the conveyormechanisms, there being a shredder associated with each mechanism, meansfor supplying either o f said mechanisms with material to be conve ed,and

'means for insuring that said supp y means can be operated to' su plymaterial to' the mechanism only when t e shredder is operat- 12.- Inpaper making machinery, a conveyor mechanism, a shredder associated withthe mechanism. for shredding raw material brought toit by the mechanism,means for supplying said mechanism with material to be conveyed, andmeans for insuring that said supply means can be'operated to supplymaterial to the mechanism only when the shredder is operating below apredetermined maximum load.

18. In paper making machinery, a pair of conveyor mechanisms, a conveyorbelt arranged betweensaid mechanisms, means for moving said belt ineither direction, whereby either'mechanism may be supplied with materialto be conveyed, a pair of Shredders, one associated with each mechanism,for shredding raw material brought to it by the mechanism, and meansinsuring that said belt can be operated in desired direction only whenthe shredder to be supplied with material thereby is operating below apredetermined maximum load.

14. In paper making machinery, a shredder for shredding raw material ofassorted sizes into particles small enough to permit their use for pulp,a conveyor mechanism for supvplying said shredder with the raw material,and means operating on the material in the conveyor for regulating thedepth of the material carried thereon, whereby the rate of feed isprevent-ed from varying greatly.

15. In paper making machinery, a shredder for shredding raw material ofassorted sizes into particles small enough to permit their use for pulp,a conveyor mechanism for supplying said shredder with the raw material,and a wheel having paddles operating on the material in the conveyor toregulate the depth of the material carried thereon, whereby the rate offeed is prevented from varying greatly.

16. In paper making machinery, a shredder, conveyor mechanism forsupplying raw v material to the shredder, independently ldriven conveyormechanism for transporting the shredded material from the shredder. andmeans insu-ring that the supply conveyor can be operated only when theother conveyor is in operation.

17. In paper making machinery, a shredder, a conveyor mechanism forsupplying raw material to the shredder, a conveyor mechanism fortransporting material from the shredder, a movable distributingmelchanism associated with said latter conveyor, and means insuring thatsaid distributing mechanism and its associated conveyor are in operationbefore the supplying conveyor can be placed in operation.

18. In paper making machinery, a shredder, means for supplying materialto the shredder, means for distributing the material troller forindicating the position of the dis-y tributor. y

19, In paper making machinery, a shred- -means responsive to loadconditions on the `motor for controlling the feeding means.

2Q. In paper making machinery, a shredder, a conveyor for feeding theshredder, an

.electric motor for driving the conveyor, an

electric motor for driving theshredder, and means responsive to the loadconditions on the shredder motor for controlling the circuit of theconveyor motor.

Q3. In paper making machinery, a pair of `shredders, conveyorsassociated with each shredder for feeding `material thereto. adistributor associated with both Shredders for carrying away thematerial from the shredders to any one of several points, and meansresponsiveto the setting of said distributor in operation to supplymaterial to one of these points, for permitting the feeder conveyors tosupply material to the Shredders.

'24J In paper making machinery, a pair of Shredders, conveyorsassociated with each shredder for feeding material thereto, adistributor associated with both Shredders for carrying away thematerial from the shred- `ders to any one of several points, and meansfor insuring that either-of the feeder convcondition of both theshredder and the transporting means.

26. In paper making machinery, a shredder, a feeder for supplying theshredder with material, a motor for driving said feeder, a. mechanism-for carrying away the material from the shredder, and a controller forthe motor responsive to load conditions at the shredder and also to theoperative condition of the mechanism.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands.

LELAND S. ROSENER. DAVID H. PATTERSON, J n,

